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As Russia And China Grow Their Militaries, Army Trains For New Fronts

During an Army training exercise, Capt. Fazari Mutalib demonstrates a laser system that tests aviators' abilities to avoid detection.
Michael Strassner
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U.S. Army
During an Army training exercise, Capt. Fazari Mutalib demonstrates a laser system that tests aviators' abilities to avoid detection.

Under the Trump administration, the military is shifting its strategy back towards more traditional warfare.

Since 9/11, American troops have been focused much of their training on the fight against insurgent groups in the Middle East. But now, the military is preparing for the possibility of war with nations that have bigger, more sophisticated armed forces.

The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan were fought in a very specific way: typically by small groups of soldiers in cities and on mountain passes.

Local officials, members of the media and invited guests flew in a helicopter to a Ft. Drum range to get a better perspective on the 10th Combat Aviation Brigade's training exercise.
Credit Sarah Harris / American Homefront
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American Homefront
Local officials, members of the media and invited guests flew in a helicopter to a Ft. Drum range to get a better perspective on the 10th Combat Aviation Brigade's training exercise.

Fighting there meant "doing a lot of foot patrols," said John Amble with the Modern War Institute at West Point, who served in Iraq and Afghanistan. "Going out and walking and kind of looking for the bad guys, so to speak."

The fight against insurgent groups isn't over. But under the Trump administration, the military is shifting its strategy back towards more traditional warfare.

"It's a movement to what they call great power competition," said Abby Doll, a policy analyst at the RAND Corporation.

And it's the result of a long trend: while the United States has been at war, Russia and China have been beefing up their militaries.

"They've been watching us operate, and they've worked to develop technologies and ways of operating that can erode our overmatch that we enjoyed in multiple domains, so that's land air, sea, and more recently, cyber and space," Doll said.

The Russian and Chinese militaries can now engage in electronic warfare, and they have surface-to-air missiles, she said.

"There's also long range rockets, artillery, and missiles that are a threat not only because they can reach back into places we normally thought were sanctuaries from the adversary, but because they also come in a much higher volume that they can bring to bear," Doll said.

Training to fight a threat like that, Amble said, requires a different approach: more focus on aerial warfare and electronic weapons systems.

"You're talking about increased scale and distance and speed. And that all means to train for it, you need a lot more space."

Army pilots from the 10th Mountain Division took their training off base recently to get that sense of scale. They spent ten days flying and fighting their way from Vermont through the Adirondack Mountains in northern New York, evading simulated threats.

During training exercises near Ft. Drum, N.Y., pilots and crews flew about 50 feet above the ground to evade radar and minimize air defense threats.
Credit U.S. Army
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U.S. Army
During training exercises near Ft. Drum, N.Y., pilots and crews flew about 50 feet above the ground to evade radar and minimize air defense threats.

One bright morning at the start of the exercise, community leaders and journalists gathered in a big airplane hangar on base for a demonstration of what soldiers are practicing. Col. Clair Gill explained the flying technique soldiers are working on: it's called nap of the earth, and it means using topography to your advantage.

"We can use terrain to fly low, because if we can't be seen, and we can't be heard, we can't be engaged," Gill said.

As part of the demonstration, soliders did two flyovers to show everyone the new technique they're practicing.

The first time, spectators could see the helicopters approaching. They're high up and easy to spot, and that makes them vulnerable.

"I would imagine a well-trained air defender could probably shoot that helicopter down," Gill said, looking up at the sky.

The helicopters then came back again. This time, people on the ground could hear them, but only see them for a flash before they disappeared around a grove of trees.

There are limitations to this type of training: Only some simulated weapons systems can be used off-base. Flying over the Adirondacks is just an approximation of what the Army might encounter in Russia or China. And, of course, there's no enemy shooting at the soliders and the helicopters. But Army officials say it's a necessary start so soldiers can be prepared for what's to come.

This story was produced by the American Homefront Project, a public media collaboration that reports on American military life and veterans. Funding comes from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting.

Copyright 2018 North Carolina Public Radio – WUNC

North Country Public Radio/Champlain Valley reporter for the Innovation TrailSarah Harris covers the Champlain Valley for Innovation Trail. She was an assistant teacher for the first class of the Transom Story Workshop in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Sarah's work has aired on NPR's All Things Considered, Morning Edition and Weekend Edition. Sarah is a 2010 recipient of the Middlebury Fellowship in Environmental Journalism, has lived abroad in the Maldives and Nepal, and is a graduate of Middlebury College.
Sarah Harris
Based in upstate New York, Sarah Harris reports on military and veterans issues in the area around Fort Drum. She's worked in a variety of roles at North Country Public Radio, first covering the Champlain Valley in Vermont and New York, and now covering St. Lawrence County. Sarah's work has aired nationally on Morning Edition,All Things Considered, Here & Now, and other programs. Her writing has been published in The American Prospect and Slate. She reported on cement production in Chanute, Kansas through the Middlebury Fellowship in Environmental Journalism and contributed to the award-winning NPR/Center for Public Integrity collaborative series "Poisoned Places." Sarah taught the first session of the Transom Story Workshop in fall 2011. She lives with her partner Joe, a cat named Louie, and soon, two llamas.
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