Trump Lashes Out After Pence Refuses To Overturn Election Results

Updated at 2:45 p.m. ET

For a vice president who has navigated service to a mercurial president with praise and public acts of loyalty, Vice President Pence faced the ultimate challenge on Wednesday as he presided over a joint session of Congress that will make official Joe Biden's election — and President Trump's loss.

Trump has repeatedly and publicly lobbied Pence to reverse the Nov. 3 election outcome, including in a meandering, grievance-filled speech near the White House as Pence drove to the Capitol to take his place at the head of the joint session.

As Trump spoke, Pence released a letter to Congress that made clear he would not do what Trump wanted.

"It is my considered judgment that my oath to support and defend the Constitution constrains me from claiming unilateral authority to determine which electoral votes should be counted and which should not," Pence wrote as Trump badgered him to send results back to state legislatures.

Pence agreed with experts who, in recent days, underscored that his role in the session is a ceremonial one: As the president of the Senate, his actions are prescribed by law and the Constitution.

"I don't think that Vice President Pence has any significant discretion in what he does," said Joel Goldstein, an emeritus professor of law at St. Louis University and an expert in the vice presidency. "The Constitution assigns him a very modest role."

That's not how Trump saw it. He called on Pence to "show extreme courage."

"Mike Pence, I hope you're going to stand up for the good of our Constitution and the good of our country and if you're not, I'm going to be very disappointed in you," Trump said in his speech.

After his remarks, Trump supporters marched to Capitol Hill where they pushed past barricades and some broke in to the building, which had been locked down. Pence was whisked out the Senate chamber. Not long after, Trump tweeted a rebuke of his wingman.

About 15 minutes later, Trump followed up to tell his supporters to "stay peaceful."

'Diligent and studious approach'

Ahead of Wednesday's events, there had been little doubt that Pence would side with Trump. An administration official told NPR on Tuesday that Pence "intends to follow the law and uphold the Constitution." The official, who was not authorized to speak on the record to reporters, said Pence has consulted his general counsel, his chief of staff and the Senate's parliamentarian ahead of the joint session.

"The VP has taken a pretty diligent and studious approach to how he prepares for [Wednesday's] proceedings," the official said. The official said Pence, a lawyer by training, had also read legal opinions on the matter and had studied the Electoral Count Act, and the 12th Amendment of the Constitution, which establish how the electoral votes are counted.

On Tuesday evening, after The New York Times reported that Pence told Trump he doesn't have the power to change the election result, Trump released a statement calling the report false. He said he and Pence "are in total agreement that the Vice President has the power to act."

Trump's public lobbying and denial of the election outcome — and the anger he has directed at Republicans who have rejected his assertions — put Pence in an unenviable and unprecedented bind.

"Vice President Pence is between the Constitution and President Trump," Goldstein said. "He finds himself in a situation where the president is articulating unfounded and unrealistic and simply wrong expectations of his role, and it's a very unforgiving president."

During his four years in office, Pence has mastered the art of standing by the president without standing by his words, of conveniently shrinking from view when he'd rather not answer questions about something Trump has said or tweeted, of looking off into the middle distance, expressionless as the president says something extreme, or outlandish or obviously wrong, of praising Trump for saying something the president has never actually said, at least not in public.

So, when Trump first started claiming he had won the election when he hadn't, Pence tweeted a message that never directly addressed the president's falsehood, or repeated them.

And earlier this week, campaigning in Georgia, Pence walked a careful line.

"I share the concerns of millions of Americans about voting irregularities," Pence said. "And I promise you, come this Wednesday, we'll have our day in Congress. We'll hear the objections. We'll hear the evidence."

And that's true: Republican members of the House and Senate do plan to raise objections, and there will be debate. In the end, though, Biden's election will be finalized. There are more than enough Democrats and Republicans in both chambers to overrule the objections. Pence's role isn't to act as a judge or jury. He essentially just reads the results, as vice presidents have before him — though in his rally speech, Pence stopped short of explaining that, and instead moved on to encourage people to vote in Georgia's Senate runoffs.

But this isn't about Pence, argues Mike DuHaime, a Republican political strategist. This, he said, is about Trump putting a spotlight on Pence over something that should just be ceremonial, passing quietly without much notice.

"Mike Pence was incredibly loyal for four years, plus the campaign before that, really did anything the president asked, even at times where it was probably very difficult for Mike Pence," DuHaime said.

With Trump "you're only as good as the next loyalty test," DuHaime said. "You have to be perfect 100% of the time or you are going to suffer the wrath."

And that could be a problem for Pence, who is often talked about as a potential 2024 presidential contender, if Trump doesn't run. If Trump ends up turning on Pence or doesn't publicly forgive him, then there are people in the Trump base who will never forgive Pence either, DuHaime said.

Goldstein, though, said there are longer-term stakes at play, arguing that Pence will be remembered favorably for following the law and the Constitution.

"If people don't like you because you refused to break the law or you insisted on telling the truth or following your constitutional and legal duty — shame on them, not shame on you," Goldstein said.

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